LIBEREC 2025
BUKHARA AND KHIVA/KHOREZM
English Version

(updated – 13 July 2025)

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BUKHARA and KHIVA/KHOREZM
post offices, cancellations, postal documents, separate issue of stamps

Ivo Szostok

The Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva were neighboring countries in Central Asia that retained much of their medieval character well into the 19th century. Sharing a similar fate, both became Russian protectorates following the Russian occupation in 1872-1873. From the late 1880s, the Russian state postal service gradually began operations in the region. During the Russian Civil War, both countries were transformed into Soviet republics – Khiva being renamed Khorezm. In 1924, these republics were fully integrated into the Soviet Union, effectively disappearing from geographical maps. Today, the historical territories of Bukhara and Khiva were divided among Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan.

The Exhibit traces the development of individual post offices and the use of postage stamps, organized by postmarks and nominal value. Postal traffic is further illustrated through chronologically arranged postal documents. A notable highlight is the inclusion of a rare speculative issue from 1886. The exhibit also features extremely rare stamps issued independently by both countries during their brief period as Soviet republics.

PLAN OF EXHIBIT

EMIRATE of BUKHARA	BUKHARAN SOVIET REPUBLIC
Centre (Bukhara,Kagan,New Bukhara) … Pages 2 – 13	Postal traffic … Pages 27 – 32
Upstream of the Amu Darya (from Charjuy) … Pages 14 – 24	Separate issue – postage stamps … Pages 33 – 35
Central part (Karshi,Guzar,Shaar-Shauz) … Pages 24 – 25	Separate issue – fiscal/postal, charity … Page 36
Speculative issue 1886 … Page 26
KHANATE of KHIVA	KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
Post off. Dargan-Ata,Khiva,New Urgench … Pages 37 – 43	Postal traffic … Page 44
	Separate issue of stamps … Pages 45 – 48

EXHIBIT HIGHLIGHTS

With the exception of some pre-revolutionary mail from/to the cities of Bukhara, Charjuy and Termez, all other items included in this exhibit are classified as having a rarity level of at least [R] (31–100 known copies). Significant rare items are highlighted in red. Rarer items are further classified as [RR] (11–30 known copies), [RRR] (2-10 known) or [U] (unique). Examples include:
∙ Postal document from Kagan Station (1916) [RRR] … Page 11
∙ The oldest known letter from Charjuy (1891) [U] … Page 15
∙ Complete set 1886 with cancellations [RRR], [U] … Page 26
∙ Postage stamps of Bukhara (1923) [RRR], [U] … Pages 33 – 35
∙ Letter to Khiva with 3 different cancellat. [RRR] … Pages 39 – 40
∙ Telegraphic money transfer from Khorezm [RRR] … Page 44
∙ Khorezm – stamps 500 + 5.000 Rubles [RR], [U] … Pages 45 – 46
∙ Confirmation with a 500R Khorezm stamp [U] … Pages 47 – 48

PHILATELIC KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH

The author of this exhibit published a significant body of original research on Bukhara, Khiva and Khorezm on his website www.znamkovezeme.cz – see reference <1>. These articles are regularly updated with new findings and visual materials. Original research within the exhibit is marked in blue, for example: New complete postmark from Termez … Page 20, Sarai – revised location and later post office opening … Page 24, Khorezm – different paper type used for separate stamp issue … Page 45.

REFERENCES

<1> Articles and texts on website www.znamkovezeme.cz ; author Ivo Szostok
… – see QR links in the exhibit
<2> S.D.Tchilinghirian + W.S.E.Stephen : Stamps of the Russian Empire used abroad
… (The British society of Russian philately, 1958)
<3> А. Мраморнов, С. Брайман, В.М.Тюков : Почта Российской Империи в Средней Азии,
… 2.issue, (Moscow, 2019)
<4> Wolfgang Baldus : The Classic Postage Stamps Of Bokhara (Munich, 2011)
<5> Howard Weinert: The Early Years of the Russian Post in Bukhara (Rossica 163)
<6> Le Philatelist 3/1971
<7> Соловьев В.: Почтовые марки России и СССР .Том 3, page 70 (Moscow 2016)
<8> Sammler Express 5/1964
<9> В. Б. Сафронеев : Каталог фискальных марок России (manuscript, Кyiv 1967)

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

In the independent Emirate of Bukhara, there was no organized postal service. After the Russian conquest and the establishment of a protectorate in 1872, a wave of Russian settlement began. This created a demand for postal services. Initially, these services were provided by enterprising merchants who transported mail to the nearest Russian towns, from where it continued via the Russian postal system. No postal documents from this early period have survived.
During the construction of the Trans-Caspian Railway, Russian postal and telegraph offices were established within the emirate. For towns not located along the main railway line, the Russian postal service introduced a horse-mounted courier service connecting Samarkand and Termez. In the southern part of the emirate, mail transport by boat on the Amu Darya River was operational. Russian postage stamps were used for franking. Postal rates were the same as in the rest of the Russian Empire, and the emirate was considered an integral part of the imperial postal system. Cancellations were made using postmarks bearing the names of post offices in Russian. Perforation holes (indicating money transfers), perfins, or high-denomination stamps are rare. Stamps and postal documents have survived from only a limited number of locations.

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Map showing Russian post offices; railway and Amu Darya River highlighted (1910)

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA

Bukhara / [БУХАРА] – the ancient center of the emirate. The telegraph office was converted into a postal and telegraph office (PTO) in 1892. After the construction of New Bukhara near the Kagan railway station, it was renamed Old Bukhara [СТАРАЯ БУХАРА]; postmarks with this name have been recorded since 1903. Today, the city is known as Buxoro and is located in Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

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Registered commercial letter sent from Bukhara on 26 May 1892 to Peshawar. Franked with two Russian 10 kopeck stamps (Rate 1889–1917: registered foreign letter). Postmark type: {B2}. Transit marks: Sea Post Office, Bombay, Peshawar – 15 July 1892.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Registered commercial letter sent from Bukhara on 16 January 1893 to Peshawar. Franked with two Russian 10 kopeck stamps (Rate 1889–1917). Postmark type: {B2}. Maritime transit mark: SEA POST OFFICE B – 28.FE.93. Arrival mark: PESHAWAR – 09.MAR.93. Carried by the P&O SS Shannon, which arrived at the port of Bombay on 5 March 1893.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Registered commercial letter sent from Bukhara on 31 July 1894 to Peshawar. Franked with two Russian 10 kopeck stamps (Rate 1889–1917). Postmark type: {A1}. Sender’s cachet “Muhamodin & Fazil Karim” applied across the flaps. Maritime transit mark: SEA POST OFFICE C – 04.SE.94. Arrival mark: FIRST DELLY PESHAWAR – 19.SEP. The letter was reproduced in journal <6>.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Registered commercial letter sent from Bukhara on 11 February 1895 to Peshawar. Franked with two Russian 10 kopeck stamps (Rate 1889–1917). Postmark type: {B2}. Railway transit mark: PONTEBBA BOLOGNA No.2 (AMBte) – 08.03.95. Maritime transit mark: SEA POST OFFICE A – 19.MA.95. Arrival mark: FIRST DELLY PESHAWAR – 28.03. According to historical records, this letter was carried by the P&O SS THAMES, which arrived in Bombay on 24 March 1895. The item was reproduced in publication <4> on page 35.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Cholera Epidemic of 1899
In 1899, another cholera epidemic broke out, spreading from India to Russia. Disinfection measures were implemented, including those affecting postal items – as seen in the triangular-shaped hole on the side of the envelope.

Registered commercial letter sent from Peshawar on 17 January 1899 to Bukhara. Franked with six stamps of British India, totaling 4.5 Anna. Transit mark: Odessa – 23.02. After disinfection at the Odessa quarantine station, the envelope was stamped with “ОБЕЗЗАРАЖЕНО” (DISINFECTED) and released into circulation. Arrival mark in Bukhara, postmark type {B2}, xx.03.1899.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Registered commercial letter sent from Shanghai in 1903. Franked with four Russian 5 kopeck stamps intended for foreign post offices in China. Registered mark: “SHANGHAI” + Russian registration label “ШАНХАЙ загран. почт. конт.” number 915. The letter traveled via the port of Port Arthur and Moscow (09.08.1903). Arrival mark: {B1} – 17.08.1903.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Registered letter sent from Old Bukhara on 13 October 1903 to Lyon. Franked with Russian stamps: 2 x 3 kopecks + 2 x 7 kopecks (Rate 1889–1917). Postmark type: {B2}. Registration label: „Старая Бухара п.т. контора No. 219“. Arrival mark: “Lyon” – 05.11.03. Sender: Hafez Karamelahi Sethi.
Ex. Howard Weinert.
The only known letter from Bukhara with an inverted year number on the postmark – [U].

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

BUKHARA / OLD BUKHARA – continued

Postcard 3 kopecks sent on 25 March 1908 abroad, franked with an additional 1 kopeck stamp (Rate 1899–1917). Postmark type: {Db}.

YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION FROM ME HERE

Letter sent on 9 November 1908 to Grunewald near Berlin. Franked with four Russian stamps: 4 kopecks + 3 kopecks + 1 kopeck + 2 kopecks = 10 kopecks (Rate 1889–1917: foreign letter). Postmark type: {Db}. Delivered on 1 December 1908.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

KAGAN

Kagan (Kogon) / [КАГАНЪ] – a railway station on the branch line from the main track (Charjuy – Samarkand) to Bukhara. An elliptical railway postmark [КАГАНЪ ВОКЗ.] was used. After the opening of the line to the city of Termez (1916), an elliptical railway postmark [ТЕРМЕЗЪ – 346 – КАГАНЪ] was used on the route 346 Termez – Kagan. It is likely that other railway postmarks existed. Surviving examples of documents and stamps are extremely rare. Today, the city is part of Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

Postcard from New Bukhara sent from the Kagan railway station on 2 April 1916 to St. Petersburg. Postmark type: {Vb}. Franked with a Russian 5 kopeck stamp (Rate 1914–).
Ex. Dr. Raymond Casey.
Two examples of this item are known from auctions – [RRR].

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

NEW BUKHARA

New Bukhara [НОВАЯ БУХАРА] was a settlement established by the Russians in 1888 near the Kagan railway station. The post office operated from March 1889, using postmarks from the city of Bukhara – type {A}. From February 1894, the postal and telegraph office (PTO) operated, using its own postmarks. In 1935, New Bukhara was incorporated into the city of Kagan (Kogon), which is now part of Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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Front of the postcard sent from Kagan (see previous page): New Bukhara – the Emir’s Palace, opened in 1898.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

NEW BUKHARA – continued

Postcard 3 kopecks, additionally franked with a Russian 1 kopeck stamp, sent to Germany (Rate 1879–1914: 4 kopecks for a foreign postcard). Posted on 28 July 1898, dispatched on 30 July 1898. Postmark type: {A3}, applied four times. Transit mark: Moscow – 07.08.1898. Delivered on 22 August 1898 – postmark Graudenz.

Postcard from Samarkand sent from New Bukhara on 19 May 1914 to France. Postmark type: {Dg}. Franked with a Russian 4 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1914). Arrival postmark: Besançon (Department of Doubs) 6/1914

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

CHARJUY

Charjuy (Chardjev, Chardzhou) / [ЧАРДЖУЙ] – a port on the Amu Darya River and a station on the Trans-Caspian Railway. This became a significant transfer hub serving the eastern part of the Emirate as well as the Khiva Khanate. Postal services operated from the 1880s (postal branch office from 1887, postal and telegraph office from November 1888). Two postal offices operated here: the city post office and the railway station post office [ЧАРДЖУЙ ВОКЗАЛ]. Today, the city is known as Türkmenabat and is part of Turkmenistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

CHARJUY – continued

Registered letter from the city of Charjuy to Moscow. Posted on 2 January 1891. Envelope with a pre-printed 7 kopeck stamp, additionally franked with two Russian 7 kopeck stamps = 21 kopecks (Rate 1879–1909: 7 kopecks per item [12.8g] + 7 kopecks for a registered letter, corresponding to a heavier item in this case). Outgoing postmark type: {A2}. Sent by train on 3 January (trains were scheduled on Sundays and Thursdays). The recipient was A.I. Arabazhi, a wine merchant in Moscow (delivered on 20 January). This envelope was reproduced in the article <5> on page 8.
Ex. Howard Weinert.
The oldest known letter from the city of Charjuy – [U].

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

CHARJUY – continued

Letter sent on 22 May 1901 from Charjuy to Aulie-Ata (Syrdarya Region). Franked with a Russian 7 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1909: domestic intercity letter). Postmark type: {B1}. Arrival postmark: 28 May 1901. Reproduced in publication <3> on page 249. The oldest known letter from Charjuy to Turkestan.

Postcard from Bukhara, sent on 29 May 1908 to Prague. Franked with a 4 kopeck stamp in accordance with the international postcard rate (Tariff of 1889–1917). Postmarked with cancellation type {C4}. The message is dated 11 June according to the Gregorian calendar, which corresponds to 29 May in the Julian calendar.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

CHARJUY RAILWAY STATION

Postcard from the city of Charjuy sent from the Charjuy railway post office on 8 September 1908 to Kiev. Franked with a Russian 3 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1914: domestic postcard). Outgoing postmark type: {V}. Arrival postmark: “KIJEV” 15 September 1908. This item was reproduced in publication <3> on page 281.

Folding card. Franked with a Russian 7 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1909). Sent from the Charjuy railway post office on 2 July 1912, postmark type: {V}. Addressed to Yakhroma (Moscow Governorate). Arrival postmark: Yakhroma, 10 July 1912.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

KERKI

Kerki (Atamurat) / [КЕРКИ] – an important trade center on the left bank of the Amu Darya River. Mail was transported by steamships from the city of Charjuy. From 1915, the town became accessible by rail via Samsonovo station on the opposite riverbank (Kagan–Termez line). A postal and telegraph station (PTS) was established in June 1889, followed by a postal and telegraph office (PTO) in the summer of 1891. Today, the city is located in Turkmenistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

KERKI – continued

Postcard of Samarkand sent from the city of Kerki on 19 December 1913. Franked with a 3 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1914). Postmark type: {C}. Sent to the city of Vladimir; arrival postmark: 30 December 1913.

KELIF

Kelif [КЕЛИФЪ] – a settlement on the Amu Darya River near the Afghan border. Initially, postal service was conducted via river transport. Since 1916, the town has had a railway station on the Bukhara–Termez line. A Russian postal and telegraph station (PTS) was opened in August 1898. Surviving stamps are extremely rare; no postal documents are known. Today, the town is located in Turkmenistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

TERMEZ

Termez / [ТЕРМЕЗЪ] – a city and border crossing into Afghanistan, located on the right bank of the Amu Darya River in the southern part of the Emirate. A postal and telegraph station (PTS) was opened in September 1899, followed by a postal and telegraph office (PTO) in 1902. Mail transport was initially carried out via river to Charjuy. From 1902, postal couriers operated along the route Samarkand – Guzar – Termez. In 1916, Termez was connected by rail to the city of Kagan. Today, the city is located in Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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{C} – TYPE OF POSTMARK „TERMEZ“ NOT MENTIONED IN MONOGRAPHS <2> OR <3>.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

TERMEZ – continued

Postcard sent on 27 December 1904 from Termez to Switzerland. Arrival postmark: Bellevue, 22 January 1905. Franked with a Russian 3 kopeck stamp (Rate 1889–1917: foreign postcard = 4 kopecks). Postmark type: {A2}. In Switzerland, postage due was applied with a 5 centimes: Swiss due stamp – postmarked 23 January 1905.

Postcard from Termez sent on 3 February 1914 to the settlement of Losinoostrovskaya (Moscow Governorate). Franked with a Russian 3 kopeck stamp (Rate 1879–1914). Postmark type: {Bb}. Arrival postmark: 11 February 1914. One of only two known examples of a postcard used from Termez itself – [RRR].
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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

TERMEZ – continued

Envelope with pre-printed Russian 7 kopeck stamp (Rate 1909–1914: 7k per lot for intercity letters). Sent on 19 February 1914 from Termez. Postmark type: {Bb}. Addressed to the town of Klobuck (Piotrków Governorate), now located in Poland. Arrival postmark: Klobuck, 2 March 1914. The address is written in both Russian and Polish.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

TERMEZ – continued

Letter sent within the Bukhara Emirate. Franked with Russian 3k + 7k stamps (Rate 1914–1917: 10k per 15g for domestic letters). Sent from the city of Termez on 14 March 1915. Departure postmark type: {Bb}. Arrival postmark: Old Bukhara on 17 March, type {Fa}. Only five recorded examples of letters sent within the Bukhara Emirate – [RRR]. This letter was reproduced in monograph <3>, page 248.

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

SARAI

Saraj (Sarai-Kamar, Pyandj, Kirovabad, Baumanabad, Pyandzh) / [САРАЙ] – a town in the eastern part of the Emirate, located on the Panj River, which joins with the Vakhsh River to form the Amu Darya. This location is farther east than commonly indicated in philatelic monographs. Mail was delivered by couriers to Termez. A post office was not opened until the 20th century. Postal items from this location are extremely rare. Today, the town is called Panj and is located in Tajikistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

KARSHI

Karshi (Qarshi) / [КАРШИ] – a town served by horse courier service via Guzar, later becoming a station on the railway line from Kagan. The local post and telegraph station (PTS) was opened in 1911. Postal items from this location are extremely rare. Today, the town is located in Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

GUZAR

Guzar (G‘uzor) / [ГУЗАРЪ] – a small town served by postal couriers on the Samarkand – Termez route. Later, a railway station was built here, part of the line to Kitab. The local post and telegraph station (PTS) was opened in December 1910. Postal items from this location are extremely rare. Today, the town is located in Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

SHAAR-SHAUZ / SHAHR-I-SABZ

Shahr-shauz [ШААРЪ-ШАУЗЪ] – an ancient city in central Bukhara, renamed Shahr-i-sabz [ШАХРИСЯБЗЪ] in 1915. Initially, postal services were provided by horse courier from Samarkand. From 1916, the railway ended near the city (in the neighboring town of Kitab). The local post and telegraph station (PTS) operated from 1911. Postal items with the original name are extremely rare, while those with the new name are unknown. Today, the town is located in Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED:

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EMIRATE of BUKHARA
SPECULATIVE ISSUE

„MOSQUE GATE“ ISSUE – 1886

The 1886 mosque gate stamps are associated with the period of the Bukhara Emirate. Three color varieties are known, each with slight differences in the central design. Each stamp was individually printed, and all known examples are cancelled — most often with a rectangular handstamp. This issue is commonly referred to as the „BUKHARA CAMEL POST“ or the „BUKHARA BOGUS STAMP“. Although there are postal documents bearing these stamps (likely posted outside the territory of the Emirate), the issue is considered speculative, as it was produced without the consent of the official authorities in Bukhara. Genuine stamps are extremely rare. However, forgeries are widespread, and collectors should exercise caution.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

Both circular postmarks are incomplete; only the rectangular cancellation has been successfully reconstructed. Complete Set of Original 1886 Stamps. Reproduced in publication <4>, page 7. Only five complete sets are known – [RRR]. The 65 pul denomination features a unique example of a circular cancellation. Ex. Geoff Rosamond.

Example on Thin White Paper. Reproduced in publication <4>, page 70. Ex. Geoff Rosamond

Original Advertisement from Welt-Post 12/1886. The stamps were sold exclusively by Sigmund Friedl of Vienna. The 65 pul denomination was not offered. Reproduced in publication <4>. Ex. Geoff Rosamond.

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, the Bukhara Emirate temporarily regained independence. In the summer of 1920, the Bolsheviks invaded. Old Bukhara fell on September 2, the emirate was abolished, and the Bukhara Soviet Republic (later the People’s, and from 1924 the Socialist Republic) was proclaimed. Resistance to the new regime concentrated mainly in Eastern Bukhara, where the Basmachi Rebellion emerged. Russian, and later Soviet stamps continued to be used. Postmarks from the Emirate period also remained valid. Postal documents from this era are very rare. Locally valid stamps were issued—postage, fiscal, and charity types. In October 1924, new Soviet republics were formed, and the territory of Bukhara was divided among the Turkmen, Uzbek, and later Tajik Soviet Republics. Bukhara ceased to exist from that time.

NEW BUKHARA

Postal Money Transfer of 10,000R from New Bukhara to Samara. Posted on September 16, 1920 – two weeks after the abolition of the Bukhara Emirate. Franked with thirteen Russian 15k stamps (revalued at 1:100) and one 5R stamp, totaling 200R. According to the March 1920 rate, the fee was 2R per 100R sent. Postmark type: {Ca}. The registration label refers to the administratively superior post office in the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Republic.

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

NEW BUKHARA – continued

Combat Against the Basmachi in the Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic (BPSR). Large fragment of a postal money transfer form. Posted on 15 December 1920 in the town of Semiozernoe (Turgay Region, present-day Kazakhstan). Addressed to: Volunteer Army, Turkestan Division, 2nd Turkestan Regiment. Transit postmarks:
– Kustanay (24 December 1920)
– Field Post Office No. 79 = Charjuy (31 December 1920), BPSR
– Tashkent (5 January 1921)
– New Bukhara (14 January 1921), cancellation type {Dg}, BPSR.
Franked with a local 5 kopeck Kustanay issue (5th edition).

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

NEW BUKHARA – continued

Fragment of a Registered Letter Sent from New Bukhara to Moscow. Posted on 25 April 1921 from New Bukhara. Cancellation type {Cb}; with dispatch marking: “ЭКСПЕДИЦИЯ НОВАЯ БУХАРА” (“Expedition New Bukhara”). Delivered in Moscow on 4 May 1921.

New Bukhara: Example of RSFSR Stamp Usage. The cancellation is unclear and the postmark type cannot be determined.

CHARJUY

An example of Russian stamp usage, presented as a block of four. Cancelled with postmark type {Dv}.

Postal Money Transfer of 80,000 Rubles – RSFSR Savings Stamps Usage. A money transfer form for 80,000 rubles, sent from Charjuy to the city of Karshi. Franked with six RSFSR Savings Bank stamps of 100 rubles each, revalued to 250R during the period 15 August 1921 to 15 September 1922, plus one additional RSFSR 100 rubles definitive stamp — totaling 1,600 rubles. This corresponds precisely to the 1921 postal money transfer rate of 2% of the remitted amount. Posted on 5 November 1921, bearing a cancellation of type {Dv}. The transfer was undelivered, and the funds were returned to the sender. Return transit markings: New Bukhara (15 January 1922), cancellation type {Ca}, Charjuy arrival (18 April 1922), cancellation type {Dv}.
Funds officially returned on 20 May 1922.

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

TERMEZ

Telegraphic Money Transfer of 10,000 Rubles – Use of Obsolete Imperial Stamps during Hyperinflation. A telegraphic money transfer for 10,000 rubles, paid in 1922-issue banknotes, sent from Termez to the settlement of Azejevo (Yelatma Uyezd, Tambov Governorate). Dispatched during a period of constant monetary reform and hyperinflation, when official RSFSR postal tariffs had become practically unenforceable. Following the prohibition on the use of RSFSR stamps from 1 October 1922, the franking consists of 96 Imperial Russian 5 kopeck stamps (issue of 1917). When revalued at a rate of 1:100, the total nominal franking equals 480 rubles. Postmarks: Dispatch: Termez, 23 October 1922, cancellation type {Bv} Arrival: Azejevo, 5 December 1922. This item illustrates the improvised use of outdated stamp stocks under unstable fiscal conditions during late 1922.

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

OLD BUKHARA

Registered Commercial Letter from Old Bukhara to Moscow. Posted on 27 August 1923 from Old Bukhara, franked with three RSFSR stamps of 10 rubles each, in accordance with the July 1923 rate for heavier registered letters. Cancellation type {Dv}. The sender is the Charjuy agent of the Kavkaz i Merkuriy steamship company, one of the major transportation firms operating along the Caspian and inland waterways. Arrival postmark: Moscow, 4 September 1923.

20 Kopeck Stamp – Example of Usage of the USSR Stamp, cancelled with postmark type {Fx}.

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES

In 1923 (some sources mention 1924), three definitive stamps were issued exclusively for domestic use by the courier postal service. These were intended for transporting mail between various vilayets (provinces) in areas where a regular Soviet post office was not in operation. The stamps were lithographed using low-quality designs, printed in pale colors on inferior paper without watermark or gum. The print quality was poor. Although a full set of eight denominations had been planned, only the three lowest values were ultimately issued. Perforation: 11½; stamps on the sheet margins were imperforate.The design was based on Russian fiscal stamps from Bukhara. This exhibit includes color varieties, marginal examples, and the original motifs from Bukhara fiscal stamps. Quantities shown are based on long-term documentation compiled by Mr. Mičánek.

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Stamp #1: 1 Ruble, Color: Gray-yellow to Gray-orange, Printing Plate: 12×12

The upper part of the stamp features text in Cyrillic: „1“, „RUB“, and „ПОЧТОВАЯ МАРКА“ („Postage Stamp“). Below the central emblem (a five-pointed star and crescent) is the image of the Kaljan Minaret. The lower part of the stamp contains additional text in Oriental script, as well as the currency denomination in Cyrillic. No direct equivalent of this design has been found among fiscal stamps, leading to the assumption that there existed a Bukhara 1 Ruble stamp, whose design was created by Mr. Vadim Nikolayevich Ustinovsky. From auctions, three unused examples of this stamp are known.

Stamp #1 – Variants: Gray-yellow, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Gray-orange, Ex. A.Korolev, [RRR]
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Stamp #2: 3 Rubles, Color: Gray-green to Green, Printing Plate: 10×15

The upper part of the stamp features text in Cyrillic and Oriental script: „3“, „R.“ In the center is the emblem, with an image of the Mir-i-Arab Madressa below. At the bottom is an incomplete inscription: „ПОЧТОВАЯ МАРК“ („Postage Stam“). The design closely resembles that of the Bukhara 3 Ruble fiscal stamp. From auctions, eight unused examples of this stamp are known.

Stamp #2 – Variants: Gray-green, full perforation, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Dark-green, margin piece, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Light-green, margin piece, Ex. Vishnevsky [RRR]

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES – continued

Stamp #3: 5 Rubles, Color: Gray-blue, Printing Plate: 10×15

The upper part of the stamp features text in Cyrillic: „5“, „ПОЧТОВАЯ“ („Postage“), and „R.“. Below is an Oriental design with an emblem. In the lower part, the inscriptions „5“, „MARKA“ („Stamp“), and „R“ appear. This design closely resembles the Bukhara 5 Kopeck fiscal stamp. From auctions, seven unused examples of this stamp are known.

Stamp #3 – Variants: Gray-blue, full perforation, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Gray-blue, margin piece Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]

CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

Among the surviving used examples of the Bukhara stamps, three distinct types of cancellations can be identified. From auctions, 20 used stamps are known, one of which has been canceled by a cross-out mark. Three stamps marked with „¤“ are reproduced in the specialized catalog by Solovyev <7>.

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The first type of cancellation is a rubber elliptical postmark featuring text in both Russian and the local language. No complete document with this cancellation is known to exist. It has been preserved on only six stamps, three of which are on fragments. The reconstruction of the postmark was carried out by Mr. Vadim Ustinovsky. The ink used for the cancellation was violet-blue to purple.

Cancellation type 1 – Variants: Stamp #1, margin piece, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Stamp #1 on fragment, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR]; Stamp #3, „¤“ , Ex. Borek [U]

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES – continued

The second type is a circular postmark featuring an Oriental design. No complete document with this cancellation has been preserved. It is known only on 9 stamps, 3 of which are on fragments. With the exception of the unique occurrence on the 3 Ruble stamp, this postmark was exclusively used on the 1 Ruble denomination. The reconstruction of the postmark for the vilayet of Emirabad was carried out by Mr. Ustinovsky. The ink used for this cancellation is purple. Since all three fragments with this postmark are printed matter, it is likely that the Bukhara stamps were also used (consumed) as newspaper stamps.

Cancellation type 2 – Variants: Stamp #1, margin piece, „¤“ , Ex. Borek, [RRR]; Stamp #2, margin piece, „¤“ , Ex. Borek, [U]; Stamp #3, on newspaper fragment, Ex. A.Mramornov [RRR] + reverse side

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The third type of cancellation is the standard circular postmark used during the time of the Russian post office in Bukhara. From auctions, only three such usages are known. The 3 Ruble stamp in this exhibit shows clear traces on the reverse side where it was removed from an envelope flap. It was canceled in September 1924 with the „STARAYA-BUCHARA“ postmark, type {Fb}. The usage in Old Bukhara is particularly noteworthy, as the Bukhara stamps were originally intended for areas where Soviet postal services were not in operation.

Cancellation type 3 – Stamp #2, margin piece, Ex. Ustinovsky, [RRR] + reverse side

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BUKHARA SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – FISCAL / DEFINITIVES

From 1922, fiscal stamps (revenue stamps) were issued for use exclusively within the Republic of Bukhara. A total of five denominations were printed, with the stamps produced in the city of Bukhara on paper with a watermark. In subsequent years, additional denominations of 5 kopecks and 15 kopecks were printed, both with and without perforation. All later issues were printed without the watermark. From the 1960s onward, references to the use of these stamps for the delivery of printed matter began to appear in publications. For more details, see publications <8> and <9>.

First Issue (1922) – Examples of Cancellations

Postal Use of Fiscal Stamps

This 5 Kopecks stamp was removed from a newspaper by the renowned Moscow philatelist Yuri P. Turchinsky, from a document where it had been affixed with silicate adhesive. The reverse side clearly shows a trace of the printed matter. The stamp has been restored. This is the only documented instance of postal use of Bukhara revenue stamps. This Stamp Comes from the Collection of Vadim N. Ustinovsky.

LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – CHARITY STAMPS

Issue of the Committee for Assistance to the Disabled of the Bukhara sov. rep.

In 1924, the Committee for Assistance to the Disabled of Bukhara issued charity stamps. A total of five denominations were released: 5k, 10k, 15k, 25k, and 50k. The stamps were printed in two colors, with the text in the local script and the denominations written in Arabic numerals. Perforation: 11½. The quality of both the perforation and printing is poor. These charity stamps are extremely rare.

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Charity Stamp 15k, canceled with the OLD BUKHARA Postmark – Type {Fx}, [RRR]

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

In the independent Khanate of Khiva, no organized postal system existed. Following its conquest by Russian forces in 1873, part of the khanate was annexed to the Russian Empire and partially integrated into the Emirate of Bukhara. The remaining territory (mostly desert) became a Russian protectorate and gradually saw settlement by Russian inhabitants. Unlike Bukhara, Khiva offered fewer commercial opportunities, resulting in the establishment of only three Russian post offices within the region. Mail was typically transported via the Amu Darya River either northward to the Russian frontier fortress of Petro-Alexandrovsk, or southward to the town of Chardjuy, which was connected by railway. Russian postage stamps were used for franking, and postal rates matched those in the rest of the Russian Empire. The region, including the emirate, was treated as an integral part of the imperial postal system. Cancellations were applied using Russian-language postmarks bearing the names of the respective post offices. Perforation holes indicating money transfers, perfins, and high-denomination stamps are rarely found on mail from this area.

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Map showing three Russian post offices, Aral Sea and Amu Darya River (1910)

DARGAN – ATA

Dargan-Ata [ДАРГАНЪ-АТА] was a small settlement located on the Amu Darya River in the southern part of the Khiva Khanate. It served as a transfer point for travelers arriving from Chardjuy. A postal station operated here in the early 20th century, with the official post and telegraph office (PTO) opening in 1914. Postal material from Dargan-Ata is extremely rare. Only two known postal documents have survived – both dated 1914 and 1915. Today, the former village has grown into a town and lies within the borders of modern-day Turkmenistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED:

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

KHIVA

Khiva [ХNBА] – at the time, Khiva was a decaying capital of an ancient empire. The exact date of the postal branch office’s opening is unknown; however, a post and telegraph office (PTO) was established in November 1912. Postal items from Khiva are extremely rare. The city was served by couriers who maintained routes to New Urgench and Petro-Alexandrovsk. Today, Khiva lies within the borders of modern-day Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATION PRESENTED: (The circular postmark {B} is identical to {A}, except for its smaller diameter)

Registered cover sent from the city of Kazan on 24 May 1915, addressed to Khiva. Franked with four Russian stamps totaling 20 kopecks, in accordance with the 1914–1917 postal rate (10k for a letter + 10k for registration). Arrival postmark: Khiva, 6 June 1915, type {Aa}.

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

KHIVA

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DETAIL – REDIRECTION TO KHIVA

Letter mailed on 27 September 1914 from Nizhny Tagil (Perm Governorate) to New Urgench. Franked with two Russian stamps totaling 10 kopecks, according to the 1914–1917 domestic rate for intercity mail (10k per 15g). The cover was subsequently forwarded from New Urgench to Khiva. New Urgench bears both arrival and dispatch postmarks dated 14 October, types {Ca} and {Cv}. Final delivery to Khiva took place on 18 October 1914, with receiving postmark of type {Av}. A very rare item bearing three different postmarks from the Khiva Khanate. The envelope includes an enclosed advertising leaflet from the trading company Kokushkin… [RRR]

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

NEW URGENCH

New Urgench [НОВЫЙ УРГЕНЧЪ] – the largest commercial center of the Khiva Khanate, located in the irrigated region along the Amu Darya River. Mail transport was primarily conducted via river routes. A post and telegraph office (PTO) was established in 1902. Today, the city is known as Urgench and is part of modern-day Uzbekistan.

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CANCELLATIONS PRESENTED: (variants correspond to different serial numbers/letters; x = unidentified)

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

NEW URGENCH – continued

Letter mailed from New Urgench to Plymouth, United States. Franked with a 10 kopeck Russian stamp, in accordance with the 1889–1917 international letter rate. The item was posted on 10 July 1908 (postmark type {A1}) and dispatched on 11 August 1908 (postmark type {B2}). It arrived in Plymouth on 27 August 1908.

Letter mailed from New Urgench to Beatrice, United States. Franked with a 10 kopeck Russian stamp, in accordance with the 1889–1917 international letter rate.The item was posted on 4 August 1911 (postmark type {B2}) and dispatched on 8 August 1911 (postmark type {A1}, applied on both front and reverse). It arrived in Beatrice on 11 September 1911.

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KHANATE of KHIVA
RUSSIAN POST OFFICES

NEW URGENCH – continued

Money transfer of 200 rubles sent from the Russian frontier fortress of Petro-Alexandrovsk (formerly the Khivan fortress of Turtkul) to New Urgench. Filed on 15 August 1911 and franked with two Russian 25 kopeck stamps, totaling 50 kopecks – in accordance with the 1903 rate for transfers up to 200 rubles. Arrival postmark: 16 August 1911, type {A1}. Payment confirmed with postmark dated 17 August 1911, type {B2}. Sold at Siegel Auction on 15 August 1974 – Ex. Kurt Adler

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KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
SOVIET POST OFFICES

Similar to Bukhara, the Khiva Khanate became briefly independent following the Russian Revolution of 1917. In late 1919, the Soviet offensive began, and on February 1, 1920, the city of Khiva was occupied. Shortly thereafter, the Khan abdicated, and power was taken over by a Revolutionary Committee. On April 26, 1920, the Khorezm People’s (later Socialist) Soviet Republic was proclaimed. During this transitional period, Russian and subsequently Soviet stamps remained in use, while postal cancellations from the khanate era continued to be valid. Postal items from Khorezm are extremely rare. A small number of local stamps were issued in Khiva, but no genuine postal uses of these stamps are known. In October 1924, the territory of Khorezm was divided between the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Republic, and the Uzbek Soviet Republic. Since then, neither Khiva nor Khorezm has existed as independent entities.

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KHIVA

Example of Usage of the Russian Stamp, cancelled with postmark type {Ax}.

Telegraphic Money Transfer (5,000 Rubles) Sent on 13 July 1920 from Khiva to Saratov, RSFSR. Franked with 27 RSFSR Savings Stamps of 5 kopecks each, revalued at 1:100, totaling 135 rubles.(Tariff 3/1920: Telegraphic transfer = 2% of amount + service fee.). Postmarked with type {Aa} cancel: „ХNBА ХNBNН. ВЛАД.“ Registered label: Khiva No. 94. Only 2 recorded items known — [RRR].

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KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES

STAMP 500 RUBLES

During 1921–1922, two local postage stamps were issued in the city of Khiva, valid only within the territory of the republic. They were produced in very limited quantities. Printing was done using a combination of lithography and typography, with poor overall quality. The stamps were issued imperforate and without gum. No postal item bearing these stamps is known to exist.

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Stamp #1: 500 Rubles, Red frame with central emblem in various colors,
Printing Plate: 3×3

1921. Printed by lithography (red frame) with the central emblem added typographically in various colors (violet, brown, gray, bluish-gray). The inscription is in Arabic script, with the denomination shown in Latin numerals and written in Arabic; the word „RUB.“ appears in Cyrillic. The typographic plate for the central emblem was not precisely aligned with the lithographed frame. As a result, the gap between the top of the emblem and the frame decreases progressively in each row. Stamp positions (SP) 3, 6, and 9 are characterized by color offsets of the emblem ink, visible along the right side of the red frame.

Several paper types are known: ordinary, smooth, and translucent. Due to rapid inflation, these stamps were never officially issued for postal use. Surviving examples are extremely rare. Only one complete sheet, one block of four, and one horizontal pair are known. A total of 35 examples have been recorded in auctions [R], including three without the central emblem, likely defective trial prints.

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KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES

STAMP 500 RUBLES – continued

STAMP 5.000 RUBLES

Stamp #2: 5.000 Rubles, Gray-green frame with central emblem in red,
Printing Plate: 3×3

Printed by lithography in gray-green (frame) with the central emblem printed typographically in red. The printing plate was a modified version of the original 3×3 transfer block used for Stamp #1. Modifications included adjustments to the upper part of the frame and the addition of a third zero in the denomination. Only three examples are known with unclear circular cancellations, recorded from auctions. A unique complete sheet was documented in 1927 but was reportedly cut into individual stamps after the collapse of the USSR. These stamps have not reappeared in auctions, and their current whereabouts remain unknown. The presented stamp does not originate from that documented sheet – it is identified by a horizontal typographic line in the upper part of the frame, a feature absent from the sheet’s recorded examples. A total of eight examples of this stamp are currently known from auctions and private presentations. Rarity rating: [RRR]

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KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES

500 RUBLE STAMP: CERTIFIED BY THE MUSEUM IN KHIVA – 1/2

Unique document from 1935 Certifying the Authenticity of the 500 Ruble Stamps. [U] Formerly in the collections of: T. Pateman, J. Petřík, M. Mičánek.

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KHOREZM SOVIET REPUBLIC
LOCAL POSTAGE STAMPS – DEFINITIVES

500 RUBLE STAMP: CERTIFIED BY THE MUSEUM IN KHIVA – 2/2

In 1935, the City Museum in Khiva issued a unique certificate confirming the issuance of a local postage stamp with a 500 Ruble denomination in 1921. A single 500R stamp was affixed to the document and canceled with the official museum handstamp. This is the only known officially canceled example of the 500R stamp. According to oral accounts, the certificate was later acquired by a visitor to the museum.

Original text:

Справка.
Дана сия справка в том, что действительно в 1921 году в городе Хиве были изготовлени для хождения на толстой бумаге почтовые марки достоинством 500 рублей но в силу изменившихся условий выпуск таковых не состоялас что и удостоверяю. При чем прилагайет марка.
Заведoвающий Хивинским музеем -п.- 7.12.35г
Были марки и на тонкой бумаге. -п.-

Translation:

Certificate
This is to certify that in the year 1921, postage stamps with a face value of 500 rubles were indeed produced in the city of Khiva on thicker paper for postal use. However, due to changed circumstances, the issue was never officially placed into circulation, which I hereby confirm. A stamp is affixed to this certificate as reference.
Curator of the Khiva Museum – signature illegible, 7 December 1935
Note: Stamps also existed on thin paper. – signature illegible

The authenticity of the Khiva Museum handstamp can be supported by a historical receipt dated 1939. Additional documentation and background information are available in the article linked via the accompanying QR code.

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